Naturally Occurring Codling Moth Virus

Naturally Occurring Codling Moth Virus

Say Goodbye to Codling Moth Worms: How to Control Codling Moths Organically

Nothing is more frustrating for gardeners and orchard enthusiasts than discovering codling moth damage. Biting into a ripe apple or pear only to find brown decay—or worse, a worm—is disheartening. Similarly, spending time shelling walnuts only to find frass (insect droppings) instead of a nut can feel like a battle lost.

Luckily, there are effective organic solutions for codling moth control, and one of the most promising is the use of codling moth granulosis virus (CpGV). In our video, Codling Moth—How to Keep the Worms Away Organically, Tricia demonstrates the various methods available to combat these pesky pests. Below, we’ll dive deeper into how CpGV works, why it’s a game-changer, and how to use it effectively to protect your fruit and nut harvests.

What Is Codling Moth Granulosis Virus (CpGV)?

CYD-X concentrated granulovirus for codling mothsCydia pomonella granulovirus, commonly referred to as CpGV, is a naturally occurring virus that specifically targets the larvae (caterpillars) of the codling moth. This virus is found in low concentrations in nature and has been harnessed as a powerful biological control agent. Products like CYD-X contain concentrated CpGV and are available to both commercial and home gardeners.

When applied correctly, CpGV can dramatically reduce codling moth populations by infecting and killing the larvae before they can burrow into fruit or nuts.

 

How Does Codling Moth Granulosis Virus Work?

For CpGV to work, the codling moth larvae must ingest the virus. Here’s how the process unfolds:

  1. Ingestion: Larvae feed on treated surfaces (leaves, fruit, or nuts) that have been sprayed with CYD-X.
  2. Infection: Once ingested, the virus replicates within the larva's cells, spreading to other organs.
  3. Cease Feeding: Within a few days, the infected larva stops feeding.
  4. Death and Spread: The larva eventually dies and breaks down, releasing billions of viral particles that can infect other codling moth larvae.

This cycle makes CpGV extremely effective, even when used in low concentrations, because each infected larva can lead to further spread of the virus among the codling moth population.

codling moth adult

Why Choose CpGV?

1. Target Specificity

One of the greatest benefits of CpGV is its specificity. It targets only the codling moth, leaving beneficial insects, fish, wildlife, and humans completely unaffected. While some related moth species may be susceptible under lab conditions, these species are not present in North America .

2. Organic and Safe

CpGV is an approved method for organic codling moth control, making it an excellent choice for gardeners and growers committed to sustainable practices.


How to Use CYD-X Effectively

hatching codling moths

Application Rates

  • Home Orchards: Mix 1–1.5 teaspoons of CYD-X concentrate per 5 gallons of water.
  • Commercial Orchards: Use 3 fl. oz. per 100 gallons of water. For higher initial infestations, start with 4–6 fl. oz. per 100 gallons to kickstart the viral infection, then reduce rates to 1–3 fl. oz. for maintenance.

Timing of Application

Timing is critical for successful results. The first codling moth flight usually occurs from early March to early April, depending on the weather. Female moths lay eggs on leaves or near developing fruit, and the eggs hatch within 5–20 days, depending on temperature.

  • Ideal Timing: Apply CYD-X at egg hatch when small larvae are actively seeking food. This is typically 250 degree days after the biofix (when adult moths are first trapped using pheromone traps).

Monitoring and Biofix

  • Commercial growers can use pheromone traps to monitor adult codling moth activity and determine the biofix.
  • Home gardeners should inspect fruit at least twice a week for signs of stings (entry points where larvae have begun burrowing). Remove affected fruit and spray immediately.

Frequency of Applications

  • Weekly applications are recommended, especially in areas with high codling moth populations. Regular applications ensure newly hatched larvae are exposed to the virus.

Tips for Maximizing Effectiveness

codling moth larva stingTo get the most out of CYD-X, follow these best practices:

  1. Proper Storage: Refrigerate the concentrate when not in use, or store it in a cool, dry place out of direct sunlight.
  2. Use Neutral Water: Mix the concentrate with water that has a neutral pH (around 7.0). Alkaline water (pH > 9.0) can reduce the virus’s stability and effectiveness.
  3. Timing of Sprays: Apply sprays in the late afternoon or early evening to minimize exposure to sunlight, which can degrade the virus.
  4. Apply Promptly: Use the solution as soon as possible after mixing to maintain its potency.

Why Timing Matters

Codling moth larvae begin burrowing into fruit or nuts within 1–2 days after hatching, making them difficult to target with sprays once inside. Timing your applications to coincide with egg hatch ensures that the larvae are exposed to CpGV before they burrow and become protected.

For commercial growers, tracking degree days and monitoring traps is essential for precise timing. Home gardeners can achieve good results by combining visual inspections with regular spray intervals.

Additional Codling Moth Control Methods

While CpGV is highly effective, combining it with other organic codling moth control methods can further enhance your success:

  • Pheromone Disruption: Use pheromone dispensers to confuse male moths and reduce mating success.
  • Bagging Fruit: Protect individual fruits with bags to prevent larvae from entering.
  • Garden Sanitation: Remove fallen fruit and debris to eliminate overwintering sites for codling moth larvae.

Why Fight Codling Moths Organically?

Organic pest control methods like CpGV are safer for the environment and preserve beneficial insects that support a healthy ecosystem. By choosing organic solutions, you contribute to sustainable gardening and protect your food from harmful chemical residues.

Save Your Harvest

Don’t let codling moth larvae ruin your apples, pears, or walnuts. By using CpGV products like CYD-X and implementing a strategic approach to timing and monitoring, you can effectively manage codling moth populations and enjoy a bountiful harvest.

With tools like pheromone traps, organic sprays, and careful observation, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle this common pest. Take action today to protect your orchard and enjoy pest-free fruit and nuts!

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7 comments

It would be great if Peaceful Valley could give an evening or day time workshop on how to properly spray the virus solution. Then depending on who came to the class we could decide to all go out for coffee — or divide up a quart of something wink, wink.

Claude

How long does the virus remain viable if kept refrigerated? I have some I’ve had for several years. Is it still good? Does freezing it kill the virus?

Margaret (Peggy) Bengry

Rosemary, we could not do what you are suggesting unless we went through the registration process with the California state agency. We would not be able to advertise for you either. I know it is a very expensive bottle and most home orchard keepers do not need that much every year. You might get together with other people in your neighborhood and go in together on the bottle. Then the cost is a little less painful.

Suzanne at GrowOrganic.com

Would it be legal for Peaceful Valley to take a quart of CYD-X and divide it into small containers for individual sale? Could a customer do it and leave contact information?

Rosemary R Parson

CYD-X in small amounts was expensive as it was, but it’s really cruel of the manufacturer to offer it only in large amounts. I froze mine, and maybe it will still work. Sure hope so because I know that it did work, since codling moth has all but disappeared from my two Grannies. Perhaps the manufacturer could reconsider. If it were better known to home orchard growers, they could sell a lot of it.

Allison

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