Forcing rhubarb is an age-old gardening technique that produces sweet, tender stalks well before their natural growing season. This guide explores the ins and outs of rhubarb forcing, the tools and techniques needed, and the many benefits of growing early rhubarb. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or a curious beginner, these tips will help you make the most of your rhubarb crop.
What is Rhubarb Forcing?
Rhubarb forcing is the process of growing rhubarb in darkness to encourage earlier, faster growth of stalks. By manipulating the plant’s natural dormancy cycle, gardeners can harvest sweet, tender rhubarb weeks ahead of schedule. This method relies on depriving the plant of light, which reduces the production of chlorophyll in the stalks. The result is a pale pink, delicate rhubarb that’s prized for its sweeter flavor and softer texture.
The practice originated in the 19th century and became famously associated with the “Rhubarb Triangle” in West Yorkshire, England. This region perfected forcing techniques, making it the global epicenter for early rhubarb production. Today, gardeners worldwide use rhubarb forcing to enjoy fresh stalks during the cold months when few other crops are available.
Using Rhubarb Forcers
What Are Rhubarb Forcers?
Rhubarb forcers are specially designed covers used to block light and trap warmth around rhubarb crowns. Traditional forcers are made of terracotta, but modern alternatives include plastic, metal, or even simple upcycled materials like buckets or trash cans. The key is ensuring the cover is opaque, durable, and large enough to allow for upward growth.
How Do Rhubarb Forcers Work?
Forcers create a warm, dark microclimate that stimulates early growth. By excluding light, they encourage the plant to redirect its energy into developing elongated stalks rather than leaves. The confined space also traps warmth from the sun, helping the plant grow despite low outdoor temperatures.
Choosing the Best Rhubarb Forcer
Terracotta forcers are the gold standard for their insulating properties and aesthetic appeal, but plastic or metal options can be more affordable and just as effective. Look for a forcer with a removable lid or vent at the top to allow occasional airflow. If you’re using an upcycled container, ensure it’s clean, free of chemicals, and has no holes that would let light seep in.
Benefits of Early Rhubarb
Forcing rhubarb provides several advantages for gardeners and cooks alike:
1. Sweeter, Tender Stalks
The absence of chlorophyll during forcing results in stalks with a more delicate texture and a sweeter flavor, making them perfect for desserts, sauces, and jams.
2. Extended Harvest Season
Forcing allows you to enjoy rhubarb during late winter or early spring, extending the growing season before other fruits and vegetables are ready.
3. Higher Market Value
If you sell rhubarb at farmers' markets or to local chefs, early, tender rhubarb often commands a premium price due to its desirability.
4. Efficient Use of Garden Space
Forcing allows gardeners to harvest rhubarb from one area while preparing other plots for spring planting.
Step-by-Step Forcing Methods
To successfully force rhubarb, it’s important to follow proper techniques that prioritize the plant’s health and sustainability. Below is a step-by-step guide to forcing rhubarb for the best results.
Step 1: Choose the Right Rhubarb Varieties
Not all rhubarb varieties are equally suited for forcing. Early, vigorous types like 'Victoria,' 'Timperley Early,' and 'Raspberry Red' are ideal choices. These varieties are known for their ability to produce tender, sweet rhubarb under forced conditions.
Step 2: Prepare the Plant for Dormancy
Forcing requires the plant to experience a cold dormancy period before growth is stimulated. Leave the crowns in the ground during fall and early winter, ensuring they receive several weeks of cold weather. For gardeners in mild climates, simulate dormancy by digging up crowns and storing them in a cool, dark location for 6–8 weeks.
Step 3: Select and Position the Forcer
Once dormancy has been achieved, cover the crown with a rhubarb forcer. Ensure the forcer is stable, blocks all light, and provides enough height for the stalks to grow. Position the forcer on well-drained soil to prevent waterlogging, which can cause rot.
Step 4: Warm the Crown
To encourage growth, add a layer of organic mulch or straw around the base of the forcer. This will insulate the soil and retain warmth, speeding up the growth process. In particularly cold climates, wrap the forcer in burlap or fabric for extra insulation.
Step 5: Monitor Growth
Check the progress every two weeks by briefly lifting the lid or cover. Forced rhubarb stalks typically grow faster than unforced plants, and they will be ready to harvest within 6–8 weeks.
Step 6: Harvest with Care
When the stalks are about 12–18 inches long, harvest them by gently pulling rather than cutting. Avoid over-harvesting; leave some energy in the crown to ensure the plant recovers and produces a healthy crop in the regular growing season.
Organic and Sustainable Forcing Techniques
Forcing rhubarb organically ensures the health of your plants and soil while reducing environmental impact. Follow these tips for a more sustainable approach:
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Use Organic Mulch: Opt for natural materials like straw, leaves, or compost to insulate the crowns. Avoid synthetic materials that can leach chemicals into the soil.
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Reuse and Repurpose Forcers: Consider upcycling containers such as old barrels or pots instead of purchasing new forcers. This reduces waste and saves money.
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Rotate Crowns: Avoid forcing the same crown every year. Allow each plant at least one season of regular growth between forcing cycles to prevent exhaustion.
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Feed the Soil: After forcing, apply organic fertilizers like compost or aged manure to replenish nutrients and support the plant’s recovery.
The Rhubarb Triangle: A Forcing Legacy
The Rhubarb Triangle in England is a historic region renowned for producing the world’s finest forced rhubarb. Located between Leeds, Wakefield, and Bradford, this area’s ideal climate and forcing sheds revolutionized the rhubarb industry. Even today, the Rhubarb Triangle serves as a model for best rhubarb forcing practices, inspiring gardeners to adopt these time-honored techniques.
Gardeners can replicate some of the Triangle’s success by adopting methods such as deep mulching, consistent watering, and selecting heritage varieties like 'Early Champagne' for forcing.
Early Rhubarb Tips for Success
- Plant in Rich Soil: Rhubarb thrives in fertile, well-drained soil. Amend the planting area with compost or organic matter before forcing.
- Avoid Overcrowding: Space rhubarb crowns at least 3 feet apart to ensure they have room to grow.
- Control Pests Naturally: Aphids and slugs can target forced rhubarb. Use organic pest control methods, such as introducing beneficial insects or setting up slug traps.
- Provide Aftercare: Once the forced harvest is complete, remove the forcer and allow the plant to regrow naturally. Water regularly and feed with organic fertilizers to help the plant recover.
In Summary
Rhubarb forcing is a rewarding technique for producing sweet, tender stalks ahead of the regular growing season. By using rhubarb forcers and following sustainable practices, gardeners can enjoy the benefits of early rhubarb while maintaining healthy plants. Whether you’re inspired by the heritage of the Rhubarb Triangle or simply looking for a way to brighten your winter meals, forcing rhubarb is a practical and satisfying method. With the right preparation, organic care, and attention to detail, you can master the art of growing early rhubarb and savor its unparalleled taste in your favorite recipes.
