A Complete Guide to Growing and Caring for Olive Trees
Olive trees are a timeless addition to any landscape, known for their beauty, longevity, and delicious fruit. With proper care, these drought-tolerant evergreens can thrive for centuries. Here's everything you need to know about planting, growing, and maintaining olive trees.
Planting Olive Trees
Early fall is the best time to plant olive trees, though early spring is also acceptable if frost-free conditions are expected. Choose a well-drained site and avoid areas where water collects or becomes boggy. Prepare the soil by amending a 9’ x 9’ area with 2.5–3 cubic feet of composted manure. Dig a hole large enough to fit the root ball, and plant the tree at the same depth as it was in the container.
Olive trees thrive in full sun and loamy, slightly alkaline soils with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. For orchard planting, space trees 18’ x 14’ apart to allow light and air circulation. For dry farming, increase the spacing to 24’ x 24’.
Watering and Fertilization
While mature olive trees are drought-resistant, young trees require regular watering to establish strong roots. Provide 2.5 gallons of water once a week during the first year. Fertilize with compost in late winter or early spring, and maintain proper pH levels by adding lime or sulfur as needed.
Pruning and Harvesting
Prune minimally in the first four years, focusing on shaping the tree with 3–5 main leaders. Once established, remove crossing branches and open the tree’s center for better light penetration. Limit tree height to 12’ to facilitate harvesting. Olives ripen in the fall and must be cured before consuming.
Tips for Success
- Mulch young trees with loose straw but keep it 4–6 inches away from the trunk to avoid moisture retention issues.
- Periodically test soil to ensure optimal pH and nutrient levels.
- Avoid overwatering, which can damage roots and reduce yields.
By following these guidelines, you can enjoy a beautiful, productive olive tree that enhances your garden for generations.
