Eggplant, a heat-loving vegetable, has been cultivated for over 1,500 years and remains a staple in many home gardens. This member of the Solanaceae family thrives in warm climates and produces delicious, versatile fruit. Whether you’re growing Italian, Globe, Asian, or Indian varieties, following proper planting, watering, and fertilizing techniques will ensure a healthy and productive eggplant harvest.
Click here to access the complete Eggplant Growing Guide (PDF) for detailed information on soil preparation, planting, and long-term care.
Choosing the Right Eggplant Variety
There are several types of eggplant, each with unique flavors, sizes, and uses:
• Globe Eggplant – The most common American variety, large, pear-shaped, and deep purple.
• Asian Eggplant – Long and narrow, with fewer seeds and a delicate flavor.
• Graffiti Eggplant – Mottled white and purple skin, slightly sweeter than other varieties.
• Indian Eggplant – Small, dark purple, and very tender.
• Italian Eggplant – Similar to Globe but smaller and sweeter.
Best Growing Conditions for Eggplants
To ensure strong, healthy growth, eggplants need warm temperatures, well-drained soil, and full sun exposure.
• Soil pH – Prefers a pH of 6.5.
• Temperature – Thrives at 70–85°F (minimum of 65°F at night for bloom set).
• Spacing – Plant 18–24 inches apart, with rows 2–3 feet apart.
• Companion Plants – Good companions include beans, peas, tomatoes, spinach, and marjoram. Avoid planting near other nightshades (tomatoes, potatoes, peppers) to reduce disease risk.
How to Plant Eggplants
Starting from Seed
• Start indoors 8–12 weeks before the last frost.
• Use a soilless seed-starting mix (like Quickroot) to prevent damping off.
• Maintain soil temperature at 80°F using heat mats.
• After the first set of true leaves forms, fertilize with diluted fish and kelp every two weeks.
Transplanting Eggplants
• Harden off seedlings by placing them outdoors during the day for 7–10 days.
• Wait until the soil temperature reaches 75–80°F before planting.
• Mulch with black plastic to increase yields and retain warmth.
• Stake plants once they start fruiting to prevent breakage.
Watering & Fertilizing Eggplants
Watering Guidelines
• Eggplants are drought-tolerant, but irregular watering causes bitter fruit.
• Keep the soil consistently damp but avoid overwatering to prevent root rot.
Fertilization
• Avoid excess nitrogen, as it promotes leaf growth over fruit production.
• Use organic fertilizers high in phosphorus and potassium for stronger fruiting.
• Apply kelp weekly to boost plant strength and extend the harvest season.
Pruning and Maintenance
• Remove early flowers to encourage root development before fruiting.
• Thin out suckers growing below the first fruit set for better air circulation.
• Use row covers if nighttime temperatures drop below 50°F.
Harvesting and Storing Eggplants
When to Harvest
• Eggplants are ready when the skin is shiny and firm.
• Press your thumb into the skin—if it bounces back, the fruit is ripe.
• Overripe eggplants may have wrinkled skin or turn yellow/orange.
Storage Tips
• Do not wash until ready to use.
• Store in a cool place (above 50°F) for a few days or in the refrigerator for up to a week.
Common Pests & Diseases
Pest Control
• Aphids & Whiteflies – Spray with water or organic insecticidal soap.
• Flea Beetles – Use row covers (Agribon AG15) and sticky traps.
• Colorado Potato Beetles – Hand-pick or apply organic insecticide.
Disease Prevention
• Bacterial Wilt & Fusarium Wilt – Use crop rotation and avoid planting in the same spot every year.
• Verticillium Wilt – Solarize soil and add organic matter to boost plant immunity.
Final Thoughts: Enjoy a Bountiful Eggplant Harvest
Eggplants are easy to grow, and with proper care, they will provide an abundant harvest all summer long. Whether you’re growing classic Italian varieties or unique Asian eggplants, following these best practices will ensure a healthy and productive crop.
