Budding is one of the easiest and most effective methods to propagate fruit trees or change a tree’s variety. Whether you’re creating a multi-graft tree or simply expanding your orchard, budding allows you to enjoy multiple fruit varieties on a single tree. Learn how to perform T-budding, the simplest technique for beginners.
What is Budding?
Budding involves attaching a single bud from one variety (the scion) onto the rootstock or understock of another tree. It’s an efficient way to add desired traits or new fruit types to your trees. This method works best on young trees with branches under half an inch in diameter and is commonly used for stone fruits.
When to Bud
- Optimal Timing: Mid-July to September is ideal, as the bark slips easily due to active cambial growth.
- Soil Moisture: Ensure your tree is well-watered before budding to promote cambial activity. If the bark doesn’t slip, water the tree and try again in a few days.
Step-by-Step Instructions
1. Prepare Your Tools
Use a sharp budding knife for clean cuts. Tools like the Victorinox Budding & Grafting Knife ensure precision and reduce the risk of damaging the bud.
2. Select Your Bud Stick
Choose healthy shoots with plump buds from the current season’s growth. Cut in the morning when moisture levels are highest. Remove leaves but leave a small portion of the petiole to serve as a handle.
3. Make the T-Cut
On the rootstock, make a vertical cut about 1.5 inches long, followed by a horizontal cut at the base of the slit. Lift the bark gently to create a pocket for the bud.
4. Insert the Bud
Cut the bud shield from the scion with a straight back. Slide it into the T-cut, ensuring the bud is upright and fits snugly.
5. Wrap with Budding Tape
Secure the bud with budding tape, leaving the bud exposed. Check the site after 7-10 days. If the bud looks plump and the petiole falls off, the graft has taken successfully.
Tips for Success
- Timing is Key: Perform budding during active growth periods when the bark slips easily.
- Keep Buds Fresh: Use buds immediately after cutting. If needed, store in a labeled plastic bag in the refrigerator for up to five days.
- Monitor Growth: In spring, remove shoots near the graft to direct energy to the new bud.
Grow Your Orchard
Budding is a rewarding skill that allows you to diversify your fruit trees and create unique multi-graft specimens. With patience and the right techniques, you can enjoy an orchard filled with your favorite fruit varieties. Happy budding!
