Planting Bare Root Trees for Beginners: A Comprehensive Guide

Planting bare root trees can be a rewarding and cost-effective way to establish fruit and nut trees in your garden or orchard. Whether you're a novice gardener or a seasoned pro, this guide will walk you through the essential steps of planting bare root trees for the first time. We will also explore some of the most popular types of fruit and nut trees suitable for planting across the country.

Popular Fruit and Nut Trees for All Regions

Before diving into the "how to" of planting bare root trees, it's important to choose the right trees for your climate and location. Here are some popular fruit and nut tree varieties that can thrive in various regions of the country:

1. Apple Trees: Classic favorite across the United States. They are available in numerous cultivars suitable for different climates. Some well-known varieties include the Honeycrisp, Fuji, Gala, and Granny Smith. Apples are versatile and can be used for fresh eating, baking, and making cider.
2. Peach Trees: Popular in warm, sunny regions. Varieties like Elberta, Red Haven, and Georgia Belle produce sweet, juicy peaches that are perfect for summertime snacking and canning.
3. Cherry Trees: Come in sweet and tart varieties. Sweet cherries like Bing and Rainier thrive in mild climates, while tart cherries such as Montmorency are more cold-hardy. Cherries are great for fresh eating and making pies.
4. Pear Trees: Bartlett and Anjou, are well-suited to a wide range of climates. They produce delicious and juicy pears that are excellent for eating fresh or canning.
5. Plum Trees: Santa Rosa and Methley, are known for their sweet and flavorful fruit. They are adaptable to various climates and are ideal for making jams and jellies.
6. Nut Trees: Pecans, walnuts, and almonds can be grown in many regions of the country. Pecan trees are a staple in the South, while walnuts and almonds thrive in a broader range of climates. Nuts from these trees are not only tasty but also nutritious.

How to Plant Bare Root Trees: A Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Gather Your Supplies

Before you start planting bare root trees, it's essential to gather the necessary supplies. Here's what you'll need:

1. Bare Root Tree: Purchase a bare root tree from a reputable nursery or supplier. Make sure it's healthy and dormant, typically available during the winter months.

2. Shovel: A sturdy shovel will help you dig the planting hole.

3. Pruning Shears: You may need these to trim any damaged or overly long roots or branches.

4. Mulch: Organic mulch such as wood chips or straw will help retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.

5. Stakes and Ties: These will provide support to the young tree as it establishes its roots.

6. Watering Can or Hose: Adequate watering is crucial for the tree's initial growth.

7. Fertilizer: This can promote root development and is helpful in setting up the trees for success in Spring.  We reccomend Prime Start Booster Blend.

Step 2: Choose the Right Location

Selecting the perfect location for your bare root tree is paramount to its success. While some fruit and nut trees are more adaptable to various conditions, it's essential to consider the specific requirements of the tree variety you've chosen.

1. Sunlight: Most fruit and nut trees thrive in full sun, which means they require a minimum of 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. However, there are exceptions, such as certain plum or cherry varieties that can tolerate partial shade. Be sure to research the sunlight preferences of your chosen tree.

2. Soil Quality: Trees have varying soil preferences, but well-draining soil is generally crucial for their health. Conduct a soil test to determine the pH level and nutrient content of your soil. Most fruit trees prefer slightly acidic to neutral soils. Amending the soil with organic matter like compost can improve its fertility and structure.

3. Air Circulation: Good air circulation is essential to prevent diseases and promote healthy growth. Avoid planting trees too close to structures, fences, or other trees that might obstruct airflow.

4. Spacing: Pay attention to the recommended spacing for your chosen tree variety. Proper spacing ensures that the trees have enough room to grow and access nutrients without competing with each other.

Step 3: Dig a Proper Hole

When it comes to digging the planting hole for your bare root tree, the size and depth are crucial.

1. Size: The hole should be approximately twice as wide as the spread-out roots of the tree. A wide hole provides ample space for the roots to extend and access nutrients. However, avoid digging too deep, as this can lead to waterlogging and root suffocation.

2. Depth: The depth of the hole should be such that the tree's crown (where the roots meet the trunk) is level with the surrounding soil. Ensuring that the crown is at the correct level prevents moisture from accumulating against the trunk, which can lead to rot.

3. Loosen Soil: Break up any compacted soil at the bottom of the hole. This step is essential for root penetration and healthy growth. You can also mix in some compost with the excavated soil to provide an initial nutrient boost.

Step 4: Prepare the Tree

Before planting, it's essential to inspect and prepare the bare root tree:

1. Root Inspection: Examine the tree's roots carefully. Trim any damaged or broken roots cleanly with sharp pruning shears. Removing unhealthy or damaged roots helps encourage the growth of new, healthy ones.

2. Branch Pruning: If the tree is taller than you'd like or has long, spindly branches, consider pruning it to encourage a balanced canopy and proper root-to-shoot ratio. Use pruning shears to trim any excess growth, ensuring you make clean cuts.

Step 5: Place the Tree in the Hole

With your hole prepared and your tree prepped, it's time to position the tree in the hole:

1. Center the Tree: Place the bare root tree in the center of the hole, ensuring that the crown is level with the surrounding soil. This correct positioning is essential to prevent moisture and disease from affecting the tree's trunk.

2. Spread the Roots: Gently spread out the roots in all directions. This helps the tree establish a stable root system and absorb nutrients efficiently. Avoid bending or crowding the roots.

Step 6: Backfill the Hole

Backfilling the hole properly is essential to eliminate air pockets and provide stability for the tree:

1. Tamping Down: As you backfill the hole with the excavated soil, tamp it down gently to remove air pockets. Continue this process until the hole is filled. Be sure not to compact the soil excessively, as this can hinder root growth.

2. Watering as You Go: While backfilling, water the soil periodically to help settle it around the roots. This ensures good soil-to-root contact and minimizes the risk of air pockets.

Step 7: Add Mulch and Stake the Tree

After planting your bare root tree, it's time to add some finishing touches for its support and well-being:

1. Mulch Application: Spread a 2-4 inch layer of organic mulch, such as wood chips, straw, or shredded leaves, around the base of the tree. Be sure to leave a small gap near the trunk to prevent moisture accumulation against the bark. Mulch helps retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds.

2. Staking: If your tree is tall or if your area is prone to strong winds, consider staking the tree to provide support. Secure the tree to the stake using soft ties or tree straps, being careful not to damage the bark.

Step 8: Water Thoroughly

Proper watering is crucial for the initial establishment of your bare root tree:

1. Deep Watering: Immediately after planting, give the tree a thorough watering. Water should penetrate the root zone, encouraging the roots to reach out and establish themselves.

2. Regular Watering: During the first growing season, monitor the soil moisture regularly and water the tree as needed. The goal is to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. As the tree matures, it will require less frequent watering.

Step 9: Monitor and Care for Your Tree

Planting is just the beginning of your journey with your bare root tree. To ensure its long-term health and productivity, follow these care steps:

1. Pruning: Prune as needed to remove any dead or damaged branches. This promotes air circulation and prevents disease.

2. Fertilization: Fertilize your tree according to the recommendations for your specific tree variety. Different trees have varying nutrient requirements, so it's essential to provide the right balance of nutrients.

3. Pest and Disease Management: Keep an eye out for signs of pests or diseases and take appropriate action if you notice any issues. Regularly inspect the leaves, branches, and trunk for any unusual changes.

Step 10: Be Patient and Enjoy the Fruits (or Nuts) of Your Labor

Growing trees, especially from bare root stock, requires patience. It may take a year or more for your tree to establish itself and start producing fruit or nuts. However, with diligent care and attention, you'll soon enjoy the delicious rewards of your labor.

In Summary

Planting bare root trees is a rewarding endeavor that can provide you with a bountiful harvest for years to come. By following these detailed steps and considering the specific needs of your chosen tree variety, you'll give your tree the best possible start in its new home. Remember that each type of fruit or nut tree may have unique requirements, so always consult the specific care instructions for your selected tree. Happy planting, and may your orchard flourish and thrive!

For more information, see our collection of bare root fruit and nut trees.