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Standard on Domestic Apple Rootstock

The Scarlet Apple tree is a distinguished and historical apple variety that has captured the attention of apple enthusiasts and horticulturists alike. This cultivar, developed in 1866 by Joseph Stayman in Leavenworth, Kansas, and sold by nurseries since 1895, has become a beloved choice for both dessert and culinary uses. The Scarlet Apple, known for its medium-sized, scarlet-red skin and firm, crisp white flesh, offers a sweet, rich, and pleasantly floral flavor that makes it a favorite at apple tastings. This apple tree, with its unique triploid nature, requires specific care and understanding to thrive, making it a fascinating addition to any orchard.

Historical Significance of the Scarlet Apple Tree

The Scarlet Apple tree holds a special place in the history of American apple cultivation. Joseph Stayman, an accomplished horticulturist, developed this variety in the mid-19th century. Stayman was known for his work in developing new fruit varieties, and the Scarlet Apple is one of his most enduring contributions. This apple was introduced to the public through nurseries in 1895 and quickly gained popularity for its exceptional flavor and versatility in the kitchen.

Felix Gillet, a pioneering horticulturist who played a significant role in introducing European fruit varieties to the American West, likely recognized the value of the Scarlet Apple. Gillet's work in the Sierra Nevada region, particularly in the town of Forest City, Sierra County, California, helped preserve and propagate many heirloom apple varieties. The Scarlet Apple, with its historical roots and unique characteristics, fits well within the tradition of apples that Gillet and others sought to preserve.

Forest City, once a bustling gold mining camp, is now a national historic monument. The town, founded in 1852, attracted thousands of miners during the Gold Rush, and many of these early settlers planted fruit trees, including apples, pears, and cherries. Today, Forest City is home to antique fruit trees that continue to thrive at an elevation of 4,500 feet. The Scarlet Apple tree, with its vibrant history and connection to this historic town, represents a living link to the past.

How to Grow an Apple Tree: Cultivating the Scarlet Apple

Growing a Scarlet Apple tree requires attention to its specific needs, particularly its triploid nature. A triploid apple has three sets of chromosomes instead of the usual two, which means its pollen is often sterile. As a result, the Scarlet Apple cannot pollinate other apple varieties and requires the presence of at least two other apple varieties nearby to ensure successful pollination and fruit set.

When selecting a site for planting a Scarlet Apple tree, it is important to choose a location that receives full sun, with at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight each day. The soil should be well-drained, with a slightly acidic to neutral pH level, ideally between 6.0 and 7.0. The tree will benefit from rich, loamy soil that provides the nutrients needed for healthy growth and fruit production.

Planting should be done in early spring or late fall when the tree is dormant. Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball and just as deep, ensuring that the graft union, where the rootstock meets the scion, is positioned above the soil line. This will prevent the scion from rooting and ensure that the tree remains true to its variety.

Because the Scarlet Apple tree is a slow grower, patience is required during the early years of its life. Regular watering is essential, particularly during the first few years after planting. Deep watering once a week, providing about 1-2 inches of water, will help establish a strong root system. Mulching around the base of the tree will help retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and create a more favorable environment for growth.

Fertilization is important for supporting the growth and productivity of the Scarlet Apple tree. Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer or organic compost in early spring, before new growth begins. Avoid over-fertilizing, as too much nitrogen can lead to excessive vegetative growth at the expense of fruit production.

Pruning is an essential practice for maintaining the health and productivity of the Scarlet Apple tree. Prune the tree in late winter or early spring before the buds break. Focus on removing dead, damaged, or diseased branches, as well as any branches that are crossing or growing inward. Proper pruning improves air circulation and light penetration, which helps reduce the risk of disease and promotes even ripening of the apples.

Harvesting Apples

The Scarlet Apple ripens from September to October, depending on the elevation and climate. At an elevation of 4,500 feet, as seen in Forest City, the apples develop their beautiful scarlet-red skin, which contrasts with the firm, crisp white flesh that may take on a hint of pink near the skin. The apples are medium-sized and highly prized for their sweet, rich flavor with floral undertones. 

To determine when the apples are ready for harvesting, gently lift the fruit and twist it slightly. If the apple detaches easily from the tree, it is ready to be picked. It is important to harvest the apples before the first frost, as cold temperatures can damage the fruit and reduce its storage life.

The Scarlet Apple is a versatile variety that can be used for fresh eating, desserts, and cooking. Its firm texture and sweet flavor make it an excellent choice for pies, tarts, and other baked goods. The floral notes in the flavor also make it a delightful addition to apple-based beverages, such as cider and apple juice.

Storing Apples

One of the standout qualities of the Scarlet Apple is its excellent storage capability. When properly stored, the apples can keep for 2-4 months, providing a fresh supply of fruit well into the winter. Proper storage techniques are essential for maintaining the apples' quality and extending their shelf life.

After harvesting, store the apples in a cool, dark place with good air circulation. A root cellar is an ideal storage location, as it provides the low temperature and high humidity that apples need to stay fresh. Place the apples in shallow crates or baskets, ensuring that they are not touching each other to prevent the spread of spoilage.

Regularly check the stored apples for any signs of decay, and promptly remove any that show signs of rotting. With proper storage, the Scarlet Apple can maintain its firm texture and rich flavor for several months, making it a valuable addition to any pantry.

Conclusion

The Scarlet Apple tree is a historically significant and highly valued variety that offers a unique combination of flavor, beauty, and storability. Developed by Joseph Stayman in 1866 and preserved through the efforts of horticulturists like Felix Gillet, the Scarlet Apple has become a cherished part of American apple-growing traditions. Its connection to the historic town of Forest City, California, and its role in preserving the legacy of Gold Rush-era fruit trees adds to its allure.

By understanding how to grow an apple tree like the Scarlet Apple and taking the necessary steps to care for it, you can enjoy the rewards of bountiful harvests and delicious, long-lasting fruit. Whether you are looking for a high-quality dessert apple, a versatile culinary ingredient, or a valuable addition to your orchard, the Scarlet Apple is a timeless choice that continues to delight apple lovers and gardeners alike.